Maltese dogs, known for their elegant white coats and charming personalities, are beloved companions for many. However, like any other breed, they are prone to certain health problems. From dental issues to respiratory concerns, Maltese dogs can experience a range of medical conditions that owners should be aware of. In this article, we will explore some of the common health problems faced by Maltese dogs, offering insights and tips to ensure their well-being. So, if you are a proud owner or considering bringing a Maltese into your home, read on to learn more about the potential challenges these adorable pups may face.
Eye Problems
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
As a Maltese dog owner, it’s important to be aware of the potential eye problems that your furry friend may face. One of the most common eye conditions seen in Maltese dogs is Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA). PRA is a degenerative disease that affects the retina, leading to progressive vision loss and eventual blindness.
Maltese dogs with PRA initially experience night blindness, where they have difficulty seeing in low-light environments. Over time, their vision during the day may also deteriorate. Unfortunately, there is no cure for PRA, and affected dogs may eventually lose their vision completely.
Regular visits to the veterinarian and ophthalmologist are essential for early detection of PRA. Genetic testing is also available to screen for the disease, allowing breeders to make informed decisions when breeding Maltese dogs to reduce the chances of passing on this inherited condition.
Cataracts
Cataracts are another common eye problem in Maltese dogs. This condition is characterized by the clouding of the lens, leading to impaired vision. Cataracts can develop due to various factors, including genetics, aging, diabetes, or trauma.
Symptoms of cataracts in Maltese dogs may include a noticeable cloudiness or opacity in the lens of the eye, difficulty navigating or bumping into objects, and changes in behavior or temperament due to the impact on their vision.
Treatment for cataracts may involve surgical removal of the affected lens, followed by the implantation of an artificial lens. However, not all cataracts require surgery, and your veterinarian will discuss the best course of action based on the severity of the condition and your dog’s overall health.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a serious eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and loss of vision. Maltese dogs are particularly prone to a form of glaucoma known as primary angle-closure glaucoma.
Common signs of glaucoma in Maltese dogs include redness in the eye, excessive tearing, squinting or blinking, vision loss, and an enlarged or cloudy cornea. If left untreated, glaucoma can cause irreversible damage to the optic nerve, resulting in permanent vision loss.
Early detection is crucial for managing glaucoma in Maltese dogs. Treatment options may include medications to reduce intraocular pressure, surgery to alleviate pressure, or a combination of both. Regular eye examinations and diligent observation of your dog’s behavior and eye health are essential for detecting glaucoma as early as possible.
Dental Issues
Periodontal Disease
Maintaining good dental hygiene is vital for Maltese dogs to protect them from periodontal disease. Like humans, dogs can experience plaque buildup, tartar formation, and gingivitis, which can progress to more severe dental problems such as periodontal disease.
Periodontal disease affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, leading to inflammation, pain, and even tooth loss. Common signs of periodontal disease in Maltese dogs include bad breath, swollen or bleeding gums, difficulty eating, and excessive drooling.
Preventing periodontal disease starts with regular dental care at home. Brushing your Maltese’s teeth regularly, with specially formulated dog toothpaste, can help remove plaque and prevent the buildup of tartar. Additionally, providing safe dental chews or toys can also contribute to maintaining good oral health.
If your Maltese already has signs of periodontal disease, a professional dental cleaning under general anesthesia may be necessary. Your veterinarian will assess the severity of the disease and recommend the appropriate treatment plan to ensure your Maltese’s oral health is restored.
Tooth Decay
Tooth decay can also affect Maltese dogs, especially if their dental hygiene is neglected. The accumulation of bacteria and plaque on the teeth can lead to the demineralization of enamel and the development of cavities.
Signs of tooth decay in Maltese dogs include discolored or broken teeth, bad breath, difficulty chewing, and sensitivity to hot or cold food and drinks. It’s essential to address tooth decay promptly to prevent further damage to the teeth and potential infections.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings can help prevent and detect early signs of tooth decay in Maltese dogs. To promote good oral health, provide your Maltese with a balanced diet and avoid feeding them sugary or sticky treats that can contribute to tooth decay.
Plaque Buildup
Plaque buildup is a common dental issue that can affect Maltese dogs. Plaque is a sticky film that forms on the teeth due to the accumulation of bacteria, food particles, and saliva. If not removed, plaque can harden into tartar, leading to gum inflammation, dental disease, and bad breath.
Regular brushing of your Maltese’s teeth is crucial to prevent plaque buildup. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and dog-specific toothpaste, gently brush their teeth in small circular motions. It’s important to introduce dental care gradually to get your Maltese accustomed to the process.
Additionally, providing appropriate dental chews or toys can help reduce plaque buildup by promoting chewing and saliva production. Avoid giving your Maltese hard bones or objects that can lead to dental fractures.
Routine dental cleanings performed by a veterinarian are essential for removing tartar and monitoring the overall dental health of your Maltese dog. Your vet may also recommend dental treatment options, such as dental sealants or mouth rinses, to prevent plaque buildup and maintain optimal oral health.
Skin Conditions
Atopic Dermatitis
Maltese dogs are predisposed to skin conditions, including Atopic Dermatitis. This is an allergic skin disease characterized by chronic itching, redness, and inflammation. Common triggers for Atopic Dermatitis in Maltese dogs include environmental allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or certain foods.
If your Maltese is suffering from Atopic Dermatitis, you may notice them scratching excessively, rubbing against furniture or carpets, and developing skin lesions or hot spots. It’s important to address this condition promptly to alleviate discomfort and prevent secondary infections.
Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis may involve identifying and avoiding allergens, implementing a hypoallergenic diet, and using prescribed medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids to manage symptoms. Regular bathing with a medicated shampoo recommended by your veterinarian can also help soothe and protect your Maltese’s skin.
Folliculitis
Folliculitis is another common skin condition that Maltese dogs may face. It is characterized by inflammation of the hair follicles, often caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. Factors such as allergies, parasites, or poor grooming practices can contribute to the development of folliculitis.
Symptoms of folliculitis in Maltese dogs may include red, pustule-filled bumps or pimples on the skin, hair loss, itching, and discomfort. Without proper treatment, folliculitis can worsen and lead to more severe skin infections.
Treatment for folliculitis may involve medicated shampoos, topical antiseptics or antibiotics, and addressing any underlying causes such as allergies or parasites. Regular grooming practices, including regular brushing to prevent matting and keeping the coat clean, can also help prevent the development of folliculitis in Maltese dogs.
Hot Spots
Hot spots, also known as acute moist dermatitis, are commonly seen in Maltese dogs. Hot spots are areas of inflamed skin that are typically moist, red, and painful. These spots can develop rapidly due to factors such as allergies, flea infestations, or skin irritations.
Hot spots can cause significant discomfort for your Maltese, leading to excessive scratching or licking of the affected area. Prompt treatment is crucial to relieve your dog’s discomfort and prevent the hot spots from spreading or becoming infected.
Treatment for hot spots may involve trimming the hair around the affected area, cleaning the spot with a mild antiseptic, and applying prescribed topical medications or creams. Addressing the underlying cause of the hot spot, such as flea prevention or allergy management, is also essential to prevent future occurrences.
Regular grooming and maintaining good skin hygiene are fundamental in preventing hot spots in Maltese dogs. Additionally, providing a well-balanced diet rich in essential fatty acids can help support healthy skin and coat.
Respiratory Problems
Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome
Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome is a respiratory condition commonly seen in brachycephalic breeds, including Maltese dogs. This syndrome is characterized by anatomical abnormalities in the upper airways, leading to difficulty breathing and an increased risk of respiratory issues.
In Maltese dogs, the primary anatomical abnormalities associated with Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome include narrowed nostrils, elongated soft palate, and a small windpipe. These abnormalities can cause chronic mouth breathing, coughing, snoring, and exercise intolerance.
Management of Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome in Maltese dogs may involve weight management to reduce respiratory strain, avoiding extreme temperatures or excessive exercise, and providing a stress-free environment. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct the anatomical abnormalities and improve airflow.
Regular check-ups with a veterinarian are essential to monitor your Maltese’s respiratory health. Your vet may recommend diagnostic tests such as X-rays or airway endoscopy to assess the severity of the condition and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Tracheal Collapse
Tracheal collapse is another respiratory problem that can affect Maltese dogs. This condition occurs when the cartilage rings supporting the trachea weaken, leading to the collapse or narrowing of the windpipe. Tracheal collapse is often seen in small breed dogs, including Maltese, and can cause severe respiratory distress.
Common signs of tracheal collapse in Maltese dogs include coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, exercise intolerance, and a honking sound when breathing. Tracheal collapse can be aggravated by factors such as obesity, heat, excitement, or stress.
Managing tracheal collapse in Maltese dogs may involve lifestyle changes such as weight management, avoiding respiratory irritants, and using a harness instead of a collar to reduce pressure on the trachea. Medications to control coughing or reduce inflammation may also be prescribed.
In severe cases of tracheal collapse, surgical intervention may be necessary to provide support to the trachea and improve airflow. Your veterinarian will determine the best course of action based on the severity of the collapse and your Maltese’s overall health.
Cardiovascular Disorders
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect that can occur in Maltese dogs. This condition involves the failure of a blood vessel, known as the ductus arteriosus, to close shortly after birth, leading to abnormal blood flow between the heart and lungs.
Signs of PDA in Maltese dogs may include a heart murmur, coughing, difficulty breathing, poor growth, and exercise intolerance. If left untreated, PDA can lead to heart failure and other complications.
Early detection and intervention are vital for managing PDA in Maltese dogs. Treatment options may include medication to manage symptoms and surgical intervention to close the patent ductus arteriosus. Regular monitoring by a veterinarian, including diagnostic tests such as echocardiography, is necessary to assess the severity of the condition and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Mitral Valve Disease
Mitral Valve Disease is a common cardiovascular disorder seen in small breed dogs, including Maltese. This disease involves a degeneration of the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium from the left ventricle of the heart.
Signs of mitral valve disease in Maltese dogs may include coughing, difficulty breathing, exercise intolerance, fatigue, and a heart murmur. As the disease progresses, it can lead to congestive heart failure and other complications.
Treatment for mitral valve disease focuses on managing the symptoms and delaying the progression of the disease. Medications such as diuretics and ACE inhibitors may be prescribed to manage fluid retention and improve cardiac function. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as weight management and restricted exercise may be recommended.
Regular check-ups with a veterinarian specializing in cardiology are crucial for monitoring the progression of mitral valve disease in Maltese dogs. Diagnostic tests such as echocardiography or X-rays may be performed to assess the severity of the disease and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Musculoskeletal Issues
Luxating Patella
Luxating patella, also known as a dislocated kneecap, is a common musculoskeletal condition that can affect Maltese dogs. This condition occurs when the patella (kneecap) slides out of its normal position, leading to lameness, pain, and difficulty walking.
Signs of luxating patella in Maltese dogs may include intermittent lameness, hopping or skipping on a leg, reluctance to jump or climb stairs, and favoring one leg over another. The severity of the luxation can range from mild to severe.
Treatment for luxating patella in Maltese dogs may vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be managed through exercise restriction, weight management, and physical therapy. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct the alignment of the patella and stabilize the joint.
Early detection, prompt intervention, and proactive management strategies are essential in addressing luxating patella in Maltese dogs. Regular veterinary check-ups can help identify the condition and ensure appropriate treatment is implemented if needed.
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is another musculoskeletal issue that can affect Maltese dogs. This condition involves the degeneration of the femoral head, which is the “ball” part of the ball-and-socket joint in the hip. As the femoral head degenerates, it can lead to pain, lameness, and difficulty walking.
Signs of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in Maltese dogs may include limping, favoring one leg, muscle atrophy, and pain or sensitivity in the hip area. This condition often occurs in young dogs, typically between the ages of four and twelve months.
Treatment for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease may involve surgical intervention to remove the affected femoral head and promote the formation of a false joint. Physical therapy and rehabilitation may also be recommended to enhance mobility and strength in the affected leg.
Early detection and intervention are crucial for managing Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in Maltese dogs. Regular veterinary check-ups, including diagnostic imaging such as X-rays, can help identify the condition and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Digestive Disorders
Gastrointestinal Upset
Gastrointestinal upset is a common digestive issue that Maltese dogs may experience. This can manifest as symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Gastrointestinal upset can be caused by various factors, including dietary indiscretion, food allergies, infections, or underlying medical conditions.
If your Maltese is experiencing gastrointestinal upset, it’s important to monitor their symptoms and contact your veterinarian for guidance. Treatment may involve dietary modifications such as a bland diet or prescription food, medication to alleviate symptoms, and, in severe cases, fluid therapy or hospitalization.
Prevention of gastrointestinal upset involves feeding a high-quality diet, avoiding table scraps or foods that can be toxic to dogs, and ensuring your Maltese has access to clean water at all times. Additionally, providing a stress-free environment and avoiding sudden dietary changes can help maintain healthy digestion.
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is another digestive disorder that can affect Maltese dogs. This condition involves inflammation of the pancreas, which can be acute or chronic. Pancreatitis can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and lethargy.
When treating pancreatitis in Maltese dogs, it is essential to work closely with a veterinarian. Treatment may involve fasting to rest the pancreas, intravenous fluids to maintain hydration, pain medication, and a low-fat diet once the acute phase has resolved.
Preventing pancreatitis involves feeding a balanced and low-fat diet, avoiding fatty or greasy foods, and ensuring your Maltese maintains a healthy body weight. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring of bloodwork can help assess pancreatic health and detect any potential issues early on.
Neurological Problems
White Shaker Syndrome
White Shaker Syndrome is a neurological disorder that predominantly affects small dog breeds, including Maltese. The exact cause of this syndrome is not fully understood, but it is characterized by generalized tremors or shaking, typically seen in young or middle-aged dogs.
Signs of White Shaker Syndrome in Maltese dogs may include whole-body tremors, difficulty walking or standing, and loss of coordination. The severity of the tremors can vary from mild to severe, and they may worsen during times of stress or excitement.
Treatment for White Shaker Syndrome often involves medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs to manage the tremors and reduce inflammation within the central nervous system. It’s important to work closely with a veterinarian to adjust medication dosages and monitor the dog’s overall condition.
While there is no known cure for White Shaker Syndrome, many dogs with this condition can lead happy and fulfilling lives with the appropriate management and care.
Idiopathic Epilepsy
Idiopathic epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures without a known underlying cause. This condition can affect Maltese dogs, among other breeds. Epileptic seizures can vary in frequency, duration, and severity, and may be triggered by various factors such as stress, excitement, or changes in the environment.
Signs of epileptic seizures in Maltese dogs may include temporary loss of consciousness, muscle twitching or jerking, drooling, and loss of bladder or bowel control. It’s essential to ensure the safety of your Maltese during a seizure by carefully removing any nearby objects that could cause injury.
Diagnosing and managing idiopathic epilepsy in Maltese dogs typically involves a thorough veterinary examination, bloodwork, and possibly neurology consultations or diagnostic imaging. Treatment options may include anticonvulsant medications to help control and reduce the frequency of seizures.
Close communication with your veterinarian is crucial to monitor the effectiveness of the chosen treatment plan and make any necessary adjustments. It’s important to provide a safe and stress-free environment for your Maltese to minimize potential triggers and promote overall well-being.
Urinary Tract Conditions
Bladder Stones
Bladder stones, also known as urinary calculi, can develop in Maltese dogs and cause urinary tract problems. Bladder stones are hard mineral formations that can range in size and composition. They can cause symptoms such as frequent urination, blood in the urine, straining to urinate, and discomfort.
If you suspect bladder stones in your Maltese, it’s crucial to seek veterinary attention promptly. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, urine analysis, and imaging tests such as X-rays or ultrasound. Treatment options for bladder stones may include medication to dissolve the stones, dietary changes to promote stone dissolution, or surgical removal.
Prevention of bladder stones in Maltese dogs includes providing fresh and clean water, feeding a balanced diet, and avoiding foods known to contribute to stone formation. Additionally, regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring of urine pH and composition can help detect any potential issues early on.
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can occur in Maltese dogs, primarily affecting the bladder and urethra. UTIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens entering the urinary system. Common signs of UTIs in Maltese dogs may include frequent urination, straining to urinate, blood in the urine, and accidents in the house.
If you suspect your Maltese has a UTI, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. Diagnosis involves a physical examination and urinalysis to identify the presence of bacteria or other signs of infection. Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics to target and eliminate the infection.
Preventing UTIs in Maltese dogs involves promoting good hygiene and regular urination. Ensure that your Maltese always has access to clean water, encourage regular bathroom breaks during the day, and provide opportunities for them to urinate after physical activity. Additionally, maintaining a clean and groomed genital area can help minimize the risk of bacterial contamination.
Hypothyroidism
Underactive Thyroid
Hypothyroidism is a hormonal disorder that can affect Maltese dogs. It occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce adequate levels of thyroid hormone, which is essential for the proper functioning of various body systems. Common signs of hypothyroidism in Maltese dogs may include weight gain or difficulty losing weight, lethargy, hair loss or dull coat, and intolerance to cold temperatures.
Diagnosing hypothyroidism in Maltese dogs often involves a comprehensive blood panel that measures thyroid hormone levels. Treatment for hypothyroidism typically involves lifelong administration of synthetic thyroid hormone supplements to restore the proper balance of hormones in the body.
Regular check-ups, bloodwork, and close monitoring are necessary to ensure that the prescribed medication is effective and the dosage is adjusted if needed. Maintaining a consistent and balanced diet, along with regular exercise, can also support overall thyroid health in Maltese dogs.
In conclusion, as a Maltese dog owner, it’s important to be aware of the potential health problems that your furry companion may face. Regular veterinary care, including check-ups and preventive measures, can help detect and manage these issues, ensuring that your Maltese enjoys a happy and healthy life with you.
